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The kris or keris is an asymmetrical dagger indigenous to Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Brunei. It is known as kalis in the southern Philippines. The kris is famous for its distinctive wavy blade, but many have straight blades as well. Both a weapon and spiritual object, kris are often considered to have an essence or presence, with some blades possessing good luck and others possessing bad.

In 2005, UNESCO gave the title Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity to the kris of Indonesia. In return, UNESCO urged Indonesia to preserve their heritage.


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CREDITS

Special thank's to Dominique Buttin for the content from his site that I can use. And also I like to thank you from many resource on the internet about Keris that I used, I can not mentioned one by one but thank you for the big constribution in the history of Keris. Hope this site is usefull for everybody visiting this site.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ASIA SOCIETY COURT ARTS OF INDONESIA
The Asia Society Galleries
1990, NEW YORK
ISBN0878480722
BANKS, E. THE KERIS SULOK OR SUNDANG
in : Journal of the Malayan Branch, Royal Asiatic Society
1940, Vol XVIII, Singapore
BRONSON, B. TERRESTRIAL AND METEORITIC NICKEL IN THE INDONESIAN KRIS
in : Journal of the Historical Metallurgy Society
1987, 21/1 p8-15
BROWNRIGG, Henry BETEL CUTTERS
1992, Thames & Hudson Ltd, London
ISBN 0500973768
BUTTIN, Charles CATALOGUE DE LA COLLECTION D'ARMES ANCIENNES EUROPEENNES ET ORIENTALES
1933, RUMILLY
CASINO, E THE OLD TRUSTY BLADE
in : Filipino Heritage. The Making of a Nation
1987 Vol 7 p1703-1708, Manilla
Lahing Pilipino Publishing
CATO, Robert MORO SWORDS
1996, Graham Brash, Singapore
ISBN9812180591
DRAEGER, Donn F. THE WEAPONS AND FIGHTING ARTS OF INDONESIA
Ed. Charles E. Tuttle Company, Inc.
1972, TOKYO
ISBN0804817162
van DUUREN, David THE KRIS, an earthly approach to a cosmic symbol
1998, Wijk en Aalburg, the Netherlands
ISBN907318732X
van DUUREN, David KRISSES, a critical bibliography
2002, Pictures Publishers, Wijk en Aalburg, the Netherlands
ISBN9073187427
EGERTON, Wilbrahim AN ILLUSTRATED HANDBOOK OF INDIAN ARMS
and those of Nepal, Burma, Thailand, Malaya
William H. Allen & Co., London, 1880, re-print 1986
ISBN9748745619
EVANS, I.H.N. TYPES OF KERIS
in : Journal of the Federated Malay States Museum
1927, Vol. 12 : 87-99
EVANS, I.H.N. Sampir & Hilts in the Malay States, Java & Celebes
in: Journal of the Federated Malay States Museum
1929, Vol. 12 : 171-173
FRANKEL, J. THE ORIGIN OF INDONESIAN PAMOR
in : Technology and culture
4/1 : p14-21. 1963
FREY, Edward THE KRIS MYSTIC WEAPON OF MALAY WORLD
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
1988, SINGAPORE
ISBN0195889061
Galerie Zacke KRISE und ANDERE WAFFEN
1984, Vienna
GARDNER, GB KERIS AND OTHER MALAY WEAPONS
Progressive Publishing Company
1936, SINGAPORE
Republished by B. LUMSDEN MILE
1973, YORKSHIRE
ISBN0854099441
GHIRINGHELLI, Vanna e Mario KRIS GLI INVICIBILI
THE INVICIBLE KRISSES
BE-MA Editrice
1991, MILAN
ISBN9971431111
GHIRINGHELLI, Vanna KERIS HILT MATERIALS
in : Arts of Asia 27, 5 :p 91-98. 1997
GREVE, Ruud KERIS
1992, R.G Greve
ISBN9050640605
GRONEMAN, J. DER KRIS DER JAVANER
in: International Archiv für Ethnologie
1912, T19, liv IV IV/V/VI
GUIMET, Musée LES ORS DE L'ARCHIPEL INDONESIEN
Musée National des Arts asiatiques-Guimet
1995, PARIS
ISBN2711832333
HAMZURI, Drs. KERIS
Penerbit DJAMBATAN
1988, JAKARTA
ISBN9794281190
HARSRINUKSMO, Bambang ENSIKLOPEDI BUDAYA NASIONAL, Keris dan senjata tradisional lainnya
THE NATIONAL CULTURAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA, The Keris and other traditional Indonesian weapons
1988, JAKARTA
HILL, A.H. THE KERIS AND OTHER MALAY WEAPONS
in: Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 29/4, 176 : 7-67. 1956
HITCHINGS, F.W., M.D., THE WEAPONS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS
in : Antique Magazine
1926, Vol 9, n° 3
HOLSTEIN, Pierre CONTRIBUTION A L'ETUDE DES ARMES ORIENTALES
Les Editions Albert Levy
1931, PARIS
HOSE, Charles PAGAN TRIBES OF BORNEO

Mc DOUGALL , William

M.B., F.R.S. 1912 CHAPTER 11
HUAN, Ma - Ying-yai sheng-lan THE OVERALL SURVEY OF THE OCEAN'S SHORES - 1433
Cambridge University Press
1970, Cambridge
JASPER De inlandsche kunstnijverheid in Nederlandsch Indië .
Jasper, J. E. & Mas Pirngadie
De bewerking van niet-edele metalen (koperbewerking en pamorsmeedkunst)
1927, The Hague, Mouton., Vol V, Figs 331-338 p236
JENSEN, Karsten Sejr DEN INDONESISKE KRIS -et symbolladet vaben-
Karsten Sejr Jensen redaktion Ole Skott
Vaabenhistoriske Aarboger n°43
Devantier
ISSN 0108-707X
Copenhagen, 1998
JENSEN, Karsten Sejr TIDLIGE OFFERVABEN OG KRISSE (Early offering weapons kriss)
in : Vaabenhisterisk Tidsskrift - Journal of the Danish Arms & Armour Society
Vol 36 #7 November 2003
KERNER, Martin KERIS GRIFFE aus dem malayischen Archipel.
Zurich, Museum Rietberg. 1996
ISBN 3-907070-65-8
KERNER, Martin THE KERIS IN THE MAGIC WORLD-VIEW
translation of "The Keris im Magischen Weltbild" 1995
1999, Kirchdorf CH
ISBN3-9520908-2-7
KERNER, Martin THE KERIS KI SUDAMALA
English translation of "Der Keris Ki Sudamala", 1995
1999, Kirchdorf CH
KERNER, Martin ORIGIN OF EARLY KERISES
translation of "Uursprung der Frühe Kerise"
1999, Kirchdorf CH
KERNER, Martin IKONOGRAPHIE DER FRÜHE KERISE
1997, Kirchdorf CH
KERNER, Martin GESCHICHTE DER FRÜHE KERISE
1997, Kirchdorf CH

KERNER, Martin

STATISTIEK DER FRUEHEN KERISE

1997, Kirchdorf CH
KREEMER, J ATJEH BRILL
1922, Leiden, Vol 2, 291ff
KRIEGER, Herbert W. THE COLLECTION OF PRIMITIVE WEAPONS AND ARMOR OF THE
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS IN THE US NATIONAL MUSEUM
Smithsonian Institution, US National Museum
1926, Bulletin 137, Washington, Government print office
LA ROCCA, Donald J. THE GODS OF WAR,
Sacred Imagery and the Decoration of Arms and Armor
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
1996, NEW YORK
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LE DAUPHIN, Cédric LES POIGNEES DE KRISS, The hilts of the Kriss
in : Parcours des Mondes, pages 149-169
N° 1 Septembre 2002
PICARON EDITIONS, PARIS
LEIGH, Barbara TANGAN-TANGAN TRAMPIL: SENI KERAJINAN ACEH
Hands of time: The crafts of Aceh
Penerbit Djambatan
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LEROI-GOURHAN, A. NOTES POUR UNE HISTOIRE DES ACIERS
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MAISEY, A.G. ORIGIN OF THE KERIS AND ITS DEVELOPMENT TO THE 14TH CENTURY
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MAJUL, C.A. WARRIOR'S CHOICE
in : Filipino Heritage. The Making of a Nation
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Manila, Lahing Pilipino Publishing : p1164-1169. 1978
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Essai de Classification des poignées de kris de l'archipet indonésien
Gaspard de MARVAL
1993, LAUSANNE
MARVAL, Gaspard LE KRIS, JAVA ET BALI
Gaspard de MARVAL
in Gazette des Armes n° 39, juin 1976
MARVAL, Gaspard LE MONDE DU KRIS, Indonésie - Malaisie - Philippines
Musée Militaire Vaudois
1997, MORGES
PAWANCHEE, Abu Bakar Bin AN UNSUAL KERIS MAJAPAHIT
in Journal of Malayan Branch Royal Asiatic Society
VOLXX, part II, Dec., 1947
RAFFLES HISTORY OF JAVA
Raffles, Thomas Stamford
Oxford University Press, 1817, re-print 1965
RASSERS, W.H. ON THE JAVANESE KRIS
1959 [1940], in : Pañji, The Culture Hero.
A Structural Study of Religion in Java, The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff: 217-297
SCMELTZ, J.D.E. Indonesiche Prunkwaffen
in : International Archiv für Ethnologie
T7, liv III
Shahrum, bin Yub Keris dan senjata2 Pendek
1967, Kuala Lumpur
Shahrum, bin Yub THE KERIS AND OTHER SHORT MALAY WEAPONS
Museums Association of Malaysia
SHELFORD, R obert Walter Campbell A PROVISIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE SWORDS OF THE SARAWAK TRIBES
Journal of the Anthropolical Institute, Vol. XXXI, page 219-228
Presented 12th November, 1901,
SKEAT, Walter William MALAY MAGIC
An Introduction to the Folklore and Popular Religion of the Malay Peninsula
Dover Publications Inc.
1967, New York, originally published in 1900
SOLC, Vaclav SWORDS AND DAGGERS OF INDONESIA
SOLYOM, Garret & Bronwen THE WORLD OF THE JAVANESE KERIS
East-West Center Pub.
1978, Honolulu, HAWAII
ISBN 0 9620340 0 2
STONE, George Cameron A GLOSSARY OF THE CONSTRUCTION, DECORATION AND USE OF ARMS AND ARMOR
1934, NEW YORK
TAMMENS, G.J. DE KRIS 1, Magic relic of old Indonesia
1990, EELDERWOLDE, NL
ISBN909004342X
TAMMENS, G.J. DE KRIS 2, Magic relic of old Indonesia
1993, EELDERWOLDE, NL
ISBN9090062378
TAMMENS, G.J. DE KRIS 3, Magic relic of old Indonesia
1994, EELDERWOLDE, NL
ISBN9080218510
TAMMENS, G.J. DE KRISSENWERELD VAN DR. I.J. GRONEMAN
a compilation of articles published in Dutch and German
in several magazines by Dr. Groneman.
1999, EELDERWOLDE, NL
HULMANN, Werner BLANKWAFFEN AUS OST- UND SÜDOST-ASIEN
1999, WÜRZBURG
VAN HOEVELL, Der Kriss von Sud-Celebes
in : International Archiv für Ethnologie
1906 :T18, liv I & II
VISCOM, KERIS, HERITAGE OF THE MALAY ARCHIPALEGO
Viscom Design Associates
WIENER, M. J. Visible and Invisible Realms. Power, Magic, and Colonial Conquest in Bali
The University of Chicago Press
1995, Chicago & London
WOOLEY, G.C. THE MALAY KERIS: its origin and development
+ Notes on two Knives in the Pitt-Rivers Museum
in : Journal of Malayan Branch Royal Asiatic Society
1947, Dec., VOLXX, part II
ZENER, Charles Signs of the Spirit, Signatrue of the smith: Irons forging in Tana Toraja
198, April, Indonesia, Vol 31,, pp 88-112
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1996 Leiden
ZONNEVELD, Van, A.G. TRADITIONAL WEAPONS OF THE INDONESIAN ARCHIPELAGO
C. Zwartenkot Art Books
2001 Leiden
ISBN 90-5450-004-2
Tags: Keris Galeri keris sword daggers indonesian spiritual ancient kerises blades traditional sacred weapons antique pusaka tosan aji kujang athames knives stiletto jakarta java jawa bali tradisional
 

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